Reformist Masoud Pezeshkian Wins Iran’s Election Presidential Vote

Khamenei praised the country for quickly holding “free and transparent elections” in the wake of President Ebrahim Raisi’s death. A snap election was held after Raisi died in a helicopter crash in May in Iran’s remote northwest, along with Foreign Minister Hossein Amir-Abdollahian and other officials.

Khamenei advised Pezeshkian to act “in continuation of the path” of Raisi.

The Guardian Council, a powerful 12-member body tasked with overseeing elections and legislation, must certify the vote before Pezeshkian can take office.

Pezeshkian will take the helm in a country that is facing increasing international isolation, internal discontent, a spiraling economy and the prospect of direct conflict with its archenemy Israel.

The lawmaker was the only reformist candidate vying for the top elected seat in the country after dozens of other candidates were barred from running.

He has favored dialogue with Iran’s foes, particularly over its nuclear program, and sees that as a means to address the country’s domestic issues.

“The primary issue is the perspective: Do we want to solve our problems with the world or not? I believe we must get out of the deadlock to solve the country’s problems,” he said at a presidential debate ahead of the second round of voting.

The leaders of Russia, Saudi Arabia, Pakistan and Syria were among the first to congratulate Pezeshkian.

Saudi Crown Prince Mohammed Bin Salman said he was “keen to develop and deepen the relations that bring together our two countries and peoples, and serve our common interests,” according to state-run Saudi Press Agency.

Russian President Vladimir Putin said he hoped Pezeshkian’s election would expand bilateral cooperation “in all areas” in the interest of “simplifying regional security and stability,” according to a statement from the Kremlin.

The US State Department acknowledged Pezeshkian’s victory, but said the elections “were not free or fair” and would “not have a significant impact on our approach to Iran.”

“We have no expectation these elections will lead to fundamental change in Iran’s direction or more respect for the human rights of its citizens,” a spokesperson for the department said.

While the Iranian president does enjoy some powers, the ultimate authority lies with the Supreme Leader, who has the final say on all matters of state.

Who is Masoud Pezeshkian?

A health minister under reformist president Mohammad Khatami, Pezeshkian is a trained heart surgeon and lawmaker. He gained prominence for his stance against the crackdown on the 2009 pro-democracy protests and violence perpetrated by the notorious morality police in 2022 in the wake of Mahsa Amini’s death. Amini died in the custody of the morality police after being detained for not adhering to the Islamic Republic’s strict dress code for women. Hundreds were killed and thousands arrested as the authorities sought to crush the protests, according to the United Nations.

During the 2022 protests, Pezeshkian said in an interview with Iran’s IRINN TV: “It is our fault. We want to implement religious faith through the use of force. This is scientifically impossible.”

“I bear part of the blame, the distinguished religious scholars and the mosques bear part of the blame, and the (Iranian) broadcasting authority bears part of the blame,” he said. “Everybody should step forward and be held accountable, rather than capture that girl, beat her up, and eventually deliver her body (to her family).”

He has presented himself as a candidate for all Iranians. “Among my supporters are both left and right, even those who do not pray,” he said at a recent presidential debate.

After losing his wife and one of his children in a 1994 car crash, he devoted much of his time to politics. Pezeshkian ran for president in the 2013 and 2021 elections, but failed to make headway.

The 69-year-old hails from an ethnically mixed family – his father is Azeri and his mother is Kurdish. Persian isn’t his mother tongue. That has burnished his image for Iran’s minorities but left him open to xenophobic attacks from some opponents.

Can He Bring Change to Iran?

Experts say a more moderate face in the presidency could facilitate dialogue between Iran and Western states. Domestically, Pezeshkian may also introduce some social changes, which he emphasized during his electoral campaign, though experts caution that such moves are far from guaranteed.

Sanam Vakil, director of the Middle East and North Africa Programme at the Chatham House think tank in London, said it’s unlikely that Pezeshkian’s election would immediately translate into policy changes. “But Pezeshkian has made it clear that he will try to work through and within the system in order to perhaps accommodate a less repressive environment.”

The reformist did not guarantee that he could make those changes, Vakil said, adding that this demonstrates the limits of presidential powers in Iran. “But it may add a bit more room for maneuver on social freedoms,” she noted.

Ra’na Rajabi, an Iranian woman, she was happy that Pezeshkian was elected.

“Honestly speaking, I just hope the expensiveness decreases, and jobs are easily found for young people, and that’s it, I do not have any other special feelings,” she said, adding that she hoped “girls and people can easily walk in the street without being anxious about anyone picking on them.”

Other factors may be more difficult to change, particularly Iran’s foreign policy.

Pezeshkian assumes the presidency at a time when his country is embroiled in escalating tensions with Israel and its Western allies, triggered by the war in Gaza and the advancement of Iran’s nuclear program.

Just three months ago, Iran and Israel exchanged fire for the first time as the Gaza conflict widened. Israel is now preparing for a potential second front against Hezbollah, Iran’s primary regional proxy, in Lebanon.

Rhetoric between Iran and Israel escalated last week as Iran’s mission to the United Nations said that should Israel “embark on full-scale military aggression” against Lebanon, then “an obliterating war will ensue.”

“All options, including the full involvement of all Resistance Fronts, are on the table,” it said on X.

Israeli Foreign Minister Israel Katz responded that “a regime that threatens destruction deserves to be destroyed.”

Pezeshkian is not expected to change the current trajectory on Israel, experts said.

He has also praised General Qasem Soleimani, the controversial head of the Iran Revolutionary Guard Corps’ Quds Force, who was assassinated in a US strike in 2020.

“I consider him a source of national pride and a thorn in the eyes of our enemies,” he said in a recent presidential debate.

A Friendlier Face to the West

But while Western states aren’t expecting this election to change their relationship with Iran, Pezeshkian is certainly their preferred candidate, as his opponent would have only escalated those existing tensions, experts said.

Former Foreign Minister Javad Zarif, a key ally of Pezeshkian and a reformist who oversaw a comparatively warm period of international relations nearly a decade ago, has been mooted as a potential candidate to reoccupy his old post under the new president.

Zarif was Iran’s top diplomat when the regime struck a deal with the US and world powers to limit Tehran’s nuclear activities in exchange for sanctions relief (a deal that has since all but collapsed). While he is popular among Iranian youth, he has also faced criticism from hardliners at home for being too friendly to the West.

“With Mr. Pezeshkian, the sanctions will likely be lifted, and that’s very good for people,” Hossein Imani, a Tehran resident, said. “I have a positive feeling (about Pezeshkian) for now, with the condition that he fulfils the promises he has made.”

Ahead of the elections, however, Supreme Leader Khamenei condemned those seeking improved relations with the West. And Pezeshkian has publicly stated that he would defer to Khamenei on matters of foreign policy, so Zarif’s appointment is far from assured.

Pezeshkian’s win comes amid an advancing nuclear program, a U.S. election which could impact how Tehran and Washington might revive the Iranian nuclear deal, known as the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) from which Donald Trump withdrew the U.S. in 2018.

Trita Parsi, vice president of the Quincy Institute for Responsible Statecraft told Newsweek in emailed comments Pezeshkian and his team are unlikely to make much difference to Iran’s regional policies which will continue to be driven by the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC).

But he may adopt “a much more visible and forward-leaning diplomatic strategy in the region” which could include the war in Gaza between Israel and the Hamas group, which Tehran backs. He said and Pezeshkian is also likely to bring back the foreign policy team which had negotiated the JCPOA under then president Hassan Rouhani who served between 2013 and 2021.

“Some important changes in Iran’s foreign policy are likely,” Parsi said, noting how Pezeshkian has spoken about the need for Iran to resolve its tensions with the West through direct negotiations rather than talks through mediators.

“Pezeshkian made this call within the context of Trump potentially becoming the next president of the United States,” he said. “This would be a significant shift if the Iranians agreed to directly engage with the U.S. even with Trump as president.”

However, this in itself will not revive the Iran nuclear deal. “Key factors have changed in both the U.S. and in Iran, making the old bargain unattractive to both sides,” added Parsi, “but political will may now exist—on the Iranian side at least, for a new bargain.”

“But even if the JCPOA cannot be revived, there may still be other arrangements that the U.S. and Iran can pursue,” Parsi said.

Hamidreza Azizi, a research fellow at German think tank SWP Berlin, told Newsweek the team in charge of Pezeshkian’s foreign policy was mostly the same as the one leading Rouhani’s foreign policy with former foreign minister Javad Zarif.

“It is expected that, at least in terms of policy planning, there is this desire to go back to the pre-Raisi foreign policy priorities,” Azizi said.

However, the strategic orientation of the country in foreign and domestic politics are set by the supreme leader, especially when it comes to negotiations with the U.S.

“We can expect that diplomatic interactions between Iran and the West may gain some traction,” Azizi, said, “but on the other hand, we shouldn’t forget we have a parliament still dominated by ultra hard-liners who are allies of Jalili.”

“So now they probably have even more incentive to sabotage any sort of foreign policy initiative that the new administration may have.”