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Hong Kong’s top court on Tuesday ordered pro-democracy media tycoon Jimmy Lai to stay behind bars as it sided with prosecutors in the first legal test of Beijing’s sweeping new national security law.
The landmark case cements the dramatic changes the security law has begun making to semi-autonomous Hong Kong’s common law traditions as Beijing seeks to snuff out dissent in the restless financial hub.
Lai, the 73-year-old owner of pro-democracy tabloid Apple Daily, is one of more than 100 activists arrested under the law since it was enacted in June, and the highest-profile figure to be placed in pre-trial custody.
He has been charged with “colluding with foreign forces†– one of the new security crimes – for allegedly calling for sanctions against Hong Kong and China.
The security law is the most pronounced shift in Hong Kong’s relationship with China since it was handed back by Britain in 1997.Â
It criminalised a host of political views and toppled the legal firewall between the two territories.
Written in Beijing and imposed by fiat last June, it allows mainland security agents to operate openly in the city for the first time, and even grants China jurisdiction in some cases.
Tuesday’s judgement centred around bail.
Presumption of bail being granted for non-violent crimes is a hallmark of Hong Kong’s legal system.
But the national security law removes that presumption.
Instead, it states “no bail shall be granted to a criminal suspect or defendant unless the judge has sufficient grounds for believing that [he or she] will not continue to commit acts endangering national security.â€
Lower court error
Lai was detained in December and released on bail for about a week after a lower court granted him HK$10 million (US$1.3 million) bail together with a stringent list of requirements, including house arrest, no interviews and no social media posts.
But he was put back behind bars days after the prosecution sought to challenge those bail conditions.
On Tuesday, a panel of five senior judges agreed with the prosecution and ruled that the lower court judge had erred in granting Lai bail.Â
The security law, the judges wrote, “creates such a specific exception to the general rule in favor of the grant of bail and imports a stringent threshold requirement for bail applications.â€
Legal analysts are closely watching the case for an indication of whether Hong Kong’s judiciary will serve – or even can serve – as any kind of constitutional brake against Beijing’s security law.
The judiciary can only interpret laws, which are usually passed by Hong Kong’s semi-elected legislature.
During challenges to new legislation, judges balance the wording of a law against common law traditions and core liberties such as freedom of speech and presumption of bail that are enshrined in Hong Kong’s mini-constitution and its Bill of Rights.Â
But the national security legislation was penned directly by Beijing and looks set to trump any other legislation in the event of a dispute.
In Hong Kong’s complex constitutional hierarchy, the ultimate arbiter of the laws is Beijing’s Standing Committee, which has shown an increased willingness in recent years to wade into legal arguments and make pronouncements.
China’s state media have already declared Lai guilty and made clear authorities expect Hong Kong’s judges to side with Beijing on national security.
Senior Chinese officials have recently backed calls to “reform†Hong Kong’s judiciary, something opponents fear signals support for a more mainland-style legal system that answers to the Communist Party and where convictions are all but guaranteed.
– AFP
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